There are several junctions in the criminal justice system biased against Black people: stop, arrest, prosecution, and sentencing. Statistically, Black youth are twice as likely to be stopped and less likely to receive a warning when stopped.
Bail for Black youths usually has more conditions and they are less likely to be released on parole. Our work aims to reduce crime rates and other sources of Black overrepresentation in the criminal justice system.
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Barbara Ann G. Hamilton-Hinch
Criminal Justice Thematic Co-leadDr. Barbara Ann G. Hamilton-Hinch is an Assistant Professor in the School of Health and Human Performance...Read more -
Craig Wellington
Criminal Justice Thematic Co-leadCraig Wellington is the Executive Director of the Black Opportunity Fund. He is an accomplished diversity,...Read more
Boatswain-Kyte, A., Hélie, S., & Royer, M.-N. (2024). A critical examination of youth service trajectories: Black children’s transition from child welfare to youth justice. Children and Youth Services Review, 157, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107411
Hayle, S., Wortley, S., & Tanner, J. (2016). Race, Street Life, and Policing: Implications for Racial Profiling. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 58(3), 322-353. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/627227.
Knight, S., Jarvis, G.E., Ryder, A.G., Lashley, M., & Rousseau, C. Ethnoracial Differences in Coercive Referral and Intervention Among Patients With First-Episode Psychosis. (2022). Psychiatric Services, 73(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000715
Kubiliene, N., Yan, M. C., Kumsa, M. K., & Burman, K. (2014). The response of youth to racial discrimination: implications for resilience theory. Journal of Youth Studies, 18(3), 338–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.963535
Lafreniere, B., Audet, É. C., Kachanoff, F., Christophe, N. K., Holding, A. C., Janusauskas, L., & Koestner, R. (2023). Gender differences in perceived racism threat and activism during the Black Lives Matter social justice movement for Black young adults. Journal of Community Psychology, 51, 2741–2757. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.23043
MANZO, J.F. and BAILEY, M.M. (2005), On the Assimilation of Racial Stereotypes among Black Canadian Young Offenders*. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 42: 283-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.2005.tb00841.x
Noble, A., Owens, B., Thulian, N., & Suleiman, A. (2022). “I feel like I’m in a revolving door, and COVID has made it spin a lot faster”: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada. PLoS ONE 17(8). doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273502
Sibblis, C., Deckard, N.D., & Anazodo, K.S. The colour of system avoidance in Canada: Investigating the importance of immigrant generation among African Canadians. (2022) Canadian Review of Sociology/ La Société canadienne de sociologie 59, 470-489. doi: 10.1111/cars.12407
Sibblis, C., Delia Deckard, N., & Salawu Anazodo, K. (2022) The colour of system avoidance in Canada: Investigating the importance of immigrant generation among African Canadians. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 59, 470–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12407
Stirling-Cameron E, Hickens N, Watson C, Hamilton-Hinch B, Pimentel M, McIsaac JLD. Anti-Black racism in the early years: the experiences of Black families and early childhood educators in Nova Scotia. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can. 2023;43(8):355-64. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.43.8.01
Syed, I., Wilson, C., Mckie, R., Marcotte, A., Travers, R. (2019). More Threatened Than Safe: What African, Caribbean, and Black Youth Living In Southern Ontario Say About Their Interactions with Law Enforcement. Community Psychology in Global Perspective. 4. 101-118. | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335893128_More_Threatened_Than_Safe_What_African_Caribbean_and_Black_Youth_Living_In_Southern_Ontario_Say_About_Their_Interactions_with_Law_Enforcement
Syed, I.M., Wilson, C.L., McKie, R., Marcotte, A., & Travers, R. (2018). More threatened than safe: What African, Caribbean and Black youth living in southern Ontario say about their interactions with law enforcement. Community Psychology in Global Perspective 4(2), p.101-118. doi: 10.1285/i24212113v4i2p101
